DOMVS IVLIO–CLAVDIATHE IMPERIAL FAMILY ARCHIVE
The dynasty   /   People   /   Caligula
Third emperor

Caligula

Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

Dynastic role
Third emperor
Life
12 – 41 CE
Archive group
Emperors

The son of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder succeeded Tiberius in 37 CE. His brief reign ended in assassination.

The soldier’s son

Gaius accompanied Germanicus in military camps as a child, acquiring the nickname Caligula, or “little boot”. He succeeded Tiberius in 37 CE with the support of the praetorian prefect Macro. His early gestures of clemency and public generosity raised expectations.

Conflict and assassination

Ancient writers contrast his early popularity with later autocratic behaviour and demands for exceptional honours. His serious illness in 37 CE figures in that narrative, but it is not a secure explanation of his politics. In January 41 CE, conspirators including the praetorian officer Cassius Chaerea assassinated him. His uncle Claudius succeeded him.

Historical sources

Suetonius, Caligula 9; 22–26; 56–59
The nickname, imperial claims, and assassination. The temporary bridge at Baiae is discussed in chapter 19.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Julio-Claudian Dynasty
Context for Caligula’s reign and imperial image.

About the sources and further reading